Ecologically clean method and apparatus for water harvesting from air

ABSTRACT

The invention provides an ecologically clean method and apparatus for water harvesting from air. The method is based on changing of thermodynamic state properties of air wind getting a rotation and passing through convergent-divergent nozzles. The apparatus is a water condensation engine exposed to humid wind. The constructive solution has no moving solid parts, and the incoming wind is an inherent moving component of the engine. It comprises a cascade of sequentially arranged horn-tubes and a set of stationary wing-like details. Those horn-tubes transform the wind into a fast and cooled out-flowing air flux coming-and-hitting upon the set of wing-like details, where the air portions are accelerated and eddying. The inner static pressure and temperature decrease in the air portions. The decrease in static pressure and temperature triggers off condensation of water-vapors into water-aerosols.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/774,936filed on or around May 06, 2010, and to U.S. application Ser. No.12/775,264 filed on or around May 6, 2010 and to U.S. provisionalapplication 61/233,207 filed on or around Aug. 12, 2009. Furthermore,this application claims priority under the Paris convention to U.S.application Ser. No. 12/774,936 filed on or around May 6, 2010 and toU.S. application Ser. No. 12/775,264 filed on or around May 6, 2010 andto U.S. provisional application 61/233,207 filed on or around Aug. 12,2009. In addition, this application is a continuation-in-part ofapplication Ser. No. 12/774,936, filed on or around May 6, 2010, whichis based upon and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/175,799 filed on or around May 6, 2009, and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/233,207 filed on or around Aug. 12, 2009. Inaddition, this application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser.No. 12/775,264, filed on or around May 6, 2010, which is based upon andclaims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/175,799 filedon or around May 6, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No.61/233,207 filed on or around Aug. 12, 2009.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to ecologically clean technology, and,more particularly, to extraction of distilled water from humid air.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In most geographic areas prior art water sources are placed far from theactual utilization point. In such cases, the ability to extract waterfrom air offers a substantial advantage, because there is no need totransport the water from a distant source to a local storage facility.Moreover, if water is continuously harvested, local water reserverequirements are greatly reduced.

Another reason for water-from-air extraction is in those regions of theworld where sources of potable water are scarce or absent.

An exemplary situation is when a massive forest fire needs to beextinguished, and typically great expense is incurred for an airplane tosupply an enormous amount of water to the scene of action. In this casethe ability to trigger substantial rainfall would be highly desirable.

Another important application is an ecologically clean method for solarthermal energy collection with focusing plates, for example, in the formof parabolic troughs, wherein the total area of all the plates is as bigas possible. On the one hand, it is preferable that the focusing platesare clean from dust. On the other hand, normally, the system occupies abig area in an open space, where natural dust always covers the plates,thereby reducing the efficiency of solar energy collection. The problemof cleaning the plates might be solved by repeated washings withdistilled water.

Sometimes an effect of air saturated with water is unwanted, as forexample, in plant growing incubators, where a desired high airtemperature results in unwanted air saturation.

Given the ubiquitous nature of water in the vapor phase, it is possibleto establish a sustainable water supply at virtually any location havingair being refreshed, if one can develop a technology that efficientlyharvests water from air.

Possession of such technology will provide a clear logistical advantageto supply agriculture, industry and townspeople with water and tocontrol ecological conditions.

For example, a water production unit, which uses a desiccant wheel forextracting water from an air loop, where a portion of the air loop isheated using exhaust from, for example, a vehicle to regenerate thedesiccant wheel, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,251,945 “Water-from-airsystem using desiccant wheel and exhaust” by Stephen Tongue. The methoddescribed assumes thermal energy consumption, and the suggestedapparatus comprises moving parts of the mechanism.

Another method for extracting water from air is described by Spletzer,in three U.S. Pats. No. 6,360,549—Method and apparatus for extractingwater from air; U.S. Pat. No. 6,453,684—Method and apparatus forextracting water from air; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,525—Method andapparatus for extracting water from air using a desiccant. The method isdescribed as four steps: (1) adsorbing water from air into a desiccant,(2) isolating the water-laden desiccant from the air source, (3)desorbing water as vapor from the desiccant into a chamber, and (4)isolating the desiccant from the chamber, and compressing the vapor inthe chamber to form a liquid condensate. The described method assumeselectrical energy consumption, and the suggested apparatus comprisesmoving parts.

In both of the above approaches there is a need for energy consumptionand mechanisms comprising moving parts, thereby requiring a degree ofmaintenance of the systems. This makes the water harvesting neitherreliable nor inexpensive. Moreover, the fuel or electrical energyconsumption renders these prior art methods unclean ecologically.

Yet another method and apparatus for atmospheric water collection isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,343,754, “Device for collecting atmosphericwater” by Ritchey. This method is based on moist air convection due tothe temperature difference between air and ground. However, such slowconvection does not allow for producing industrial amounts of water.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,960,243, “Production of drinking water from air” bySmith, et al, describes an adsorption-based method and apparatus, wherethe adsorption process is modified to reduce heating energy consumption.However, the adsorption method is also intended for producing smallquantities of water.

The water condensation process is an exothermal process. I.e., whenwater is transformed from vapors to aerosols and/or dew, so-calledlatent-heat is released, thereby heating the aerosols and/or dew dropsthemselves, as well as the surroundings. The pre-heated aerosols and/ordew drops subsequently evaporate back to gaseous form, thereby slowingdown the desired condensation process.

To moisturize and clean eye-glasses, one breathes out a portion of warmand humid air through widely opened mouth, while a blowing through atiny hole between folded lips is substantially less efficient for themoisturizing.

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a classical prior art profile of anairplane wing 10. It is well-known that there is a lift-effect of theairplane wing 10, which is a result of the non-symmetrical profile ofwing 10. An oncoming air stream 12 flows around the non-symmetricalprofile of wing 10, drawing forward the adjacent air due to airviscosity, according to the so-called Coanda-effect. The axis 11 of wing10 is defined as separating the upper and lower fluxes. Axis 11 of wing10 and the horizontal direction of the oncoming air flux 12 constitute aso-called “attack angle” 13. Firstly, a lifting-force is defined byattack angle 13, which redirects the flowing wind. Secondly, when attackangle 13 is equal to zero, wing 10, having an ideally streamlinedcontour, provides that the upper air flux 14 and the lower air flux 15meet behind wing 10. Upper air flux 14 and lower air flux 15, flowingaround wing 10, incur changes their cross-section areas and areaccelerated convectively according to the continuity principle:pSv=Const, where p is the density of flux; v is the flux velocity, and Sis the flux cross-section area. As a result, upper air flux 14, coveringa longer way, runs faster, than lower flux 15. According to Bernoulli'sprinciple, this results in less so-called static pressure on wing 10from upper flux 14 than the static pressure from the lower flux 15. Ifupper flux 14 and lower flux 15 flow around wing 10 laminary, thedifference of the static pressures is defined as

${{\Delta\; P} = {C\;\rho\frac{v^{2}}{2}}},$where ΔP is the static pressure difference defining the lifting forcewhen attack angle 13 is equal to zero, C is the coefficient, dependingon wing 10's non-symmetrical profile, p is the density of the air; and vis the velocity of the air flux relatively to wing 10. In practice,there are also turbulences and vortices of the fluxes, which are notshown here. The general flowing, turbulences and vortices result in airstatic pressure distribution, particularly, in local static pressurereduction and local extensions of the flowing air. Considering a certainportion of air flowing around wing 10, and referring to theKlapeiron-Mendeleev law concerning a so-called hypothetic ideal gasstate:

${\frac{P\; V}{T} = {n\; R}},$where n is the molar quantity of the considered portion of the gas, P isthe gas static pressure, V is the volume of the gas portion, T is theabsolute temperature of the gas, and R is the gas constant, there are atleast two reasons for changes in the gas state parameters of the airportion flowing around wing 10. First, for relatively slow wind, whenthe flowing air can be considered as incompressible gas, Gay-Lussac'slaw for isochoric process bonds the static pressure P with absolutetemperature T by the equation

${\frac{\Delta\; P}{P} = \frac{\Delta\; T}{T}},$i.e. reduced static pressure is accompanied with proportional absolutetemperature decreasing ΔT. Second, for wind at higher speeds, running ona non-zero attack angle 13, when the air becomescompressible-extendable, the wind flowing around wing 10 performs work Wfor the air portion volume extension, wherein the volume extensionprocess is substantially adiabatic. The adiabatic extension results in achange of the portion of gas internal energy, accompanied with staticpressure reduction and temperature decrease. The work performed W of thewind flowing around wing 10 for the adiabatic process is defined as:W=nC_(V)ΔT_(a), where C_(V) is the heat capacity for an isochoricprocess, and ΔT_(a) is the adiabatic temperature decrease of theconsidered air portion. The value of the adiabatic temperature decreaseΔT_(a)=T₂−T₁ is bonded with static pressure reduction by the relation:T₂/T₁=(P₂/P₁)^((γ−1)/γ), where P₁ and P₂ are static pressures of theconsidered air portion before and after the considered adiabatic processcorrespondingly, and γ is an adiabatic parameter, which depends onmolecular structure of gas, and the value γ=7/5 is a good approximationfor nature air. Local cooling by both mentioned processes: isochoric andadiabatic pressure reduction, acts in particular, as a watercondensation trigger. Moreover, if the wind flows around a wing with avelocity equal to or higher than the Mach number, i.e. the speed ofsound, a well-known phenomenon of shock sound emission takes place. Thisshock wave is not caused by wing vibration, but it is at the expense ofthe internal energy of the air flow, that results in an air temperatureshock decrease and thereby, provokes the process of vapor condensationinto water-aerosols. For example, as is shown schematically in FIG. 1 a,considerable amounts of water-vapor condense into water-aerosols 17 andsublimate into micro-flakes-of-snow 18, which are observed behind thehigh-speed aircraft's 16 wings.

Reference is now made to prior art FIG. 1 b, a schematic illustration ofa convergent-divergent nozzle 100, also known as the De Laval nozzle,and graphics of distribution of two parameters of gas 101: velocity 150and static pressure 160 along the length of nozzle 100. A standardrocket nozzle can be modeled as a cylinder 140 that leads to aconstriction 141, known as the “throat”, which leads into a widening“exhaust bell” 142 open at the end. High speed, and thereforecompressible-extendable hot gas 101 flows through throat 141, where thevelocity picks up 151 and the pressure falls 161. Hot gas 101 exitsthroat 141 and enters the widening exhaust bell 142. It expands rapidly,and this expansion drives the velocity up 152, while the pressurecontinues to fall 162. The gas absolute temperature distribution alongthe length of nozzle 100 (not shown here) is similar to the staticpressure distribution 160.

FIG. 2 is a prior art table showing figures for weather conditions nearthe ground and how much water is in the air. Each cell 22 of the tablecomprises two numbers: upper and lower. The upper numbers show the“absolute humidity” in g/m³, i.e. how many grams of water-vapors are inone cubic meter (1 m³) of air. The lower numbers show so-called“dew-point” temperature of the air in ° C. For example, at the airtemperature of 35° C. and relative humidity of 70%, the absolutehumidity is 27.7 g/m³ and the dew-point temperature is 28° C.

FIG. 2 a is a prior art schematic representation of a breeze flux 24,crossing through a cube 21 of space, having all the dimensions of 1 m.If, for example, the breeze velocity is given as v=5 m/sec, thereby,considering the described humidity conditions, each second(27.7×5=138.5) gram of water-vapors cross through space cube 21. Thismeans that approximately ½ ton of water-vapors crosses space cube 21 perhour.

FIG. 3 a is a prior art schematic illustration of a well-known “vortextube”, also known as the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube. It is a mechanicaldevice 300 that separates a compressed gas 310 into hot 311 and cold 312streams. It has no moving parts. Pressurized gas 310 is injectedtangentially into a swirl chamber 313 and accelerates to a high rate ofrotation. Due to a conical nozzle 314 at the end of the tube 315, onlythe outer shell of the rotated gas 316 is allowed to escape at thebutt-end outlet 317. As a result this portion 311 of the gas is found tohave been heated. The remainder of gas 316, which performs an innervortex of reduced diameter within the outer vortex, is forced to exitthrough another outlet 318. As a result this portion 312 of the gas isfound to have been cooled.

FIG. 3 b is a simplified exemplary prior art schematic illustration ofthe phenomenon of atmospheric tornados arising. If viscous air streams32 and 33, having equal velocities at their propagation fronts, meet atan angle of almost 180°, friction between contacting parts of viscousair streams 32 and 33 results in re-distribution of air streams 32 and33 fronts' velocities, as shown schematically by arrows 34 and 35. There-distributed velocities redirect the fronts such that portions of airmove angularly, as it is shown schematically by circulating arrows 36,and the two air streams 32 and 33 suck portions of each other accordingto the Coanda-effect. In addition, fresh portions of air streams 32 and33 make new portions of the circulating vortex in the same space. Such apositive feedback loop may create local tornados having a high spinrate, wherein outer rotating air portions, which are speeding faster,suck new portions of air according to Bernoulli's principle and theCoanda-effect, and there is an inherent relative vacuum near the airrotation center. The portions of the rotating air at the same time canmove vertically, so air portions move helically-vertical. A tornado isnot necessarily visible; however, the intense low pressure, caused bythe high wind speeds and rapid rotation, usually causes water-vapor inthe air to condense into a visible condensation funnel. Thus, aphenomenon is observed that quickly circulating air triggerscondensation of vapor molecules into water-aerosols. It may happen evenif there are no dew-point conditions for water condensation in thenearest surroundings of the tornado. There are at least two mechanismsfor triggering water condensation. One mechanism is explained by thefact that circulating air has inherent pressure distribution, whereininner pressure is lower and outer pressure is higher. An air portion,which is entrapped by the high spin tornado, is convectively acceleratedand adiabatically decompressed by the cyclone. Static pressure isreduced due to both the convective acceleration and adiabatically. Thestatic pressure reduction is accompanied with a decrease in air portiontemperature. The air cooling provokes the water vapors to condense intoaerosols. Another trigger for water condensation derives from the factthat quickly revolving air, accompanied inherently by friction betweenthe moving moist air parts, causes the phenomenon of water-vapormolecules ionization. The ionized molecules become the centers forcondensing water polar molecules into easily visible aerosols.

There is therefore a need in the art for a system to provide aneffective and ecologically clean mechanism for controlled waterharvesting from air. Wind energy has historically been used directly topropel sailing ships or conversion into mechanical energy for pumpingwater or grinding grain. The principal application of wind power todayis the generation of electricity. There is therefore a need in the artfor a system to provide an effective mechanism for water harvesting fromair utilizing nature wind power.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention toovercome the limitations of existing apparatuses for extracting waterfrom air, and to provide improved methods and apparatus for extractingwater from air.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide methods andapparatus for more reliable water harvesting.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide methodsand apparatus for ecologically clean harvesting of water, where theforced water condensation from humid air is fulfilled by an enginepowered by natural wind.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide methods andapparatus for a more robust constructive solution without moving parts,where the incoming wind is the only moving component of an engine.

It is a following object of the present invention to provide methods andapparatus powered by natural wind for blowing around and coolingobjects.

It is one more object of the present invention to provide methods andapparatus for improvement of flying properties of an aircraft.

There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more importantfeatures of the invention in order that the detailed description thereofthat follows hereinafter may be better understood. Additional detailsand advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detaileddescription, and in part will be appreciated from the description, ormay be learned by practice of the invention.

All the above and other characteristics and advantages of the inventionwill be further understood through the following illustrative andnon-limitative description of preferred embodiments thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carriedout in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way ofa non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a classic prior art profile of anairplane wing;

FIG. 1 a is a prior art schematic illustration of condensingwater-aerosols and sublimated micro-flakes-of-snow behind the wings ofhigh-speed aircraft;

FIG. 1 b is a prior art schematic illustration of a convergent-divergentnozzle and graphics of gas velocity and static pressure distributionsalong the nozzle length;

FIG. 2 is a prior art table-chart, showing weather conditions and howmuch water-vapors is in air;

FIG. 2 a is a prior art schematic representation of a breeze fluxcrossing through a cube of space;

FIG. 3 a is a prior art schematic illustration of the Ranque-Hilschvortex tube;

FIG. 3 b is an exemplary prior art schematic illustration of aphenomenon of atmospheric tornados arising;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a trivial passive catcher ofwater aerosols;

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a passive water aerosolscatcher, which is built-in within a plant growing incubator, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an ecologically clean passivecatcher of water aerosols, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 a is a schematic representation of an ecologically clean watercondensation engine, having set of wing-like components, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 b is a schematic representation of an ecologically clean watercondensation engine, having set of wedge-like components, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 c is a schematic representation of an ecologically clean watercondensation engine, having set of wing-like components, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a trivial profiled horn-tube[converging nozzle] and a water condensation engine, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 a is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tube,supplied by a redirecting duct, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 b is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tube,supplied by a cover, redirecting outer wind, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 c is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tube,revolving and converging wind, according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 8 d is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tuberevolving portions of wind flowing outside and converging portions ofwind flowing within the horn-tube, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 e is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tube,having profiled contour comprising scaly fragments with wing-likedetails, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 f is a schematic drawing showing a horn-like tapering tube,construed from coiled-up wings, according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 8 g is a schematic drawing, showing a cascade of sequentiallyarranged truncated cones, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a construction comprisingcascaded horn-tubes as a water condensation engine, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 a is a schematic drawing of a cascade of scaly horn-tubes,according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 b is a schematic drawing of a cascade of wing-like details,converging wide front of oncoming wind, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 c is a schematic representation of a construction comprisingcascaded horn-tubes and a water condensation engine, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 d is a schematic top-view of a water condensation enginecomprising in-line cascaded converging bells, narrow throat, supplied bytwo cylindrical chambers, and a diverging bell, constructed according toan exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of abundantly condensedwater-aerosols and sublimated micro-flakes-of-snow behind wings offlying high-speed aircraft, ejecting a water adsorbing dust, accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of rain creation by an aggregationof an airplane and attached sequence of horn-tubes and watercondensation engine, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a top-view of a constructivesolution for redirecting oncoming wind to power by the wind a watercondensation engine oriented perpendicularly to the origin winddirection, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 13 shows schematically an exemplary system of solar thermal energycollection, where focusing plates are supplied with a cleaningconstruction, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 14 a is a schematic illustration of a helicopter supplied withattached converging nozzles, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 b is a schematic illustration of a helicopter supplied withattached converging nozzles and wing-like blades, constructed accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 a is a schematic illustration of a helicopter supplied with anattached cascade of converging nozzles, constructed according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 b is a schematic illustration of a helicopter supplied with anattached cascade of converging nozzles, having a degree of freedom to betilted variably, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The principles and operation of a method and an apparatus according tothe present invention may be better understood with reference to thedrawings and the accompanying description, it being understood thatthese drawings are given for illustrative purposes only and are notmeant to be limiting.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a trivial passive catcher 40 ofwater aerosols. Catcher 40 has plates 41 for accumulation of naturallycondensed dew. The plates 41 have length L 45, width w 46 and aredistanced at intervals 42. The total height of passive catcher 40 is h47. When catcher 40 is placed in an open space, humid windy air 43crosses though the free space intervals 42 between plates 41. If weatherconditions are such that humid windy air 43 comprises water aerosols,drops of dew arise on the surfaces of plates 41. The condition occurswhen the air temperature falls below the “dew-point” temperature.

For example, referring back to prior art FIG. 2, considering normalsummer conditions when the air temperature of an open space bathed insun-rays is t₁=35° C. and the relative humidity is 70%, one finds theabsolute humidity is equal to H₁=27.7 g/m³ and the dew-point temperatureis 28° C. Considering a normal summer evening humidity of 80% andnatural cooling of air below t₂=25° C., which corresponds to theabsolute humidity of H₂=18.4 g/m³, one can expect the desired naturalprocess of water condensing into water aerosols. Consider, in addition,that there is an evening breeze, for example, from the sea. Consideralso a normal weather sea breeze of velocity v=5 m/sec, which bringsfresh portions of the humid air, and given exemplary dimensions ofcatcher 40: L=1 m, w=1 m, and h=1 m, an estimated flux of wateraerosols, crossing the considered passive catcher space, is

${\left( {H_{1} - H_{2}} \right)L\; w\; h\frac{v}{L}} = {{\left( {27.7 - 18.4} \right) \times 5} = {46.5\mspace{14mu} g\text{/}\sec}}$

Taking into the consideration that normally the summer evening breezecontinues for 3 hours, the estimated daily potential of water producedis 46.5×3×3600=502,200 g=502.2 kg. Catcher 40, however, is notconstructed to provide sufficiently effective trapping of condensedwater-aerosols. The partially dried air flux 44, leaving catcher 40,takes away water aerosols, which are not caught, and water-vapors, whichremain in a gaseous state.

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a plant-growing incubator 52,having a built-in modified passive water aerosols catcher 50, comprisingprofiled plates 51, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. Normally, a plant-growing incubator is a closedconservatory, where air warming and ground watering are supportedpermanently. Sometimes it results in unwanted saturation of the air bywater-vapors. A portion of air, which is warmed and saturated by vapors,rises naturally. The rising air has two causes. First, according to theaforementioned Klapeiron-Mendeleev law, the warmer gaseous air ispredisposed to expansion, thereby decreasing its own partial density andthereby becoming lighter and so rising. The second cause results fromthe fact that air saturated by water-vapors has more water molecules,which are lighter than average molecules of dry air, so the vapors rise.Thus, the air warmed and saturated by water naturally is up-directed,where it is cooled by profiled plates 51, which have a lowertemperature. The cooled air loses water-vapors, which are transformedinto water-aerosols, and drops of dew arise on the surfaces of profiledplates 51. The drops of dew trickle down to water collector 53. Cooledand dried air descends. The air circulation is shown schematically bythe short arrows 54.

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an ecologically clean passivecatcher 60 of naturally condensed aerosols, constructed according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. Ecologically cleanpassive catcher 60 is exposed to an oncoming humid wind 63, bringing thewater aerosols. Ecologically clean passive catcher 60 has profiledplates 61. The incoming humid wind 63 runs along profiled plates 61,losing water condensate, which turns into drops of dew trickling intowater collector 62. The partially dried air flux 64 leaves ecologicallyclean passive catcher 60 and takes away water-vapors, which remain inthe gaseous state.

FIG. 7 a is a schematic representation of a water condensation engine75, having stationary profiled wing-like details 76, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Theincoming humid wind 73 is considered as an inherent moving component ofengine 75. The incoming humid wind 73 runs along the profiled wing-likedetails 76. Stationary profiled wing-like details 76 result in wing-likeeffects for acceleration of air portions and for making eddies andvortices that provoke the desired condensation of water-vapors intowater-aerosols. The aerosols collect on the surfaces of profiledwing-like details 76, thereby forming drops of dew. Partially dried airflux 74 leaves the water condensation engine 75.

It follows, from the above description of water condensation triggering,that the arrangement, shapes and orientations of profiled wing-likedetails 76 may be optimized for higher efficiency of water condensationand collection. The described condensation triggering is relativelyweak, because the natural breeze velocity is relatively slow.

FIG. 7 b is a schematic representation of a water condensation engine77, having stationary profiled wedge-like details 78, constructedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Theincoming humid wind 73 runs along profiled wedge-like details 78.Profiled wedge-like details 78 result in effects for acceleration of airportions and for making eddies and vortices near the wider part of thewedge-like details. The vortices and eddies adsorb vapors from the airinto water-aerosols. The aerosols collect on the surfaces of a set ofprofiled corrugated details 79, thereby forming drops of dew. Thedescribed creation of eddies and vortexes by natural breeze results inrelatively weak water-condensation triggering, so the slightly driedleaving air flux 74 remains substantially humid.

FIG. 7 c is a top view schematic drawing of a water condensation engine70 exposed to incoming humid wind 73, constructed according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. Water condensation engine70 comprises stationary profiled curved wing-like details 71, which acton the incoming air stream, resulting in eddying and the creation ofhigh spin vortices 72. In addition, fresh portions of humid wind 73 makenew portions of the circulating vortex in the same space. Assuming thatinput humid wind 73 is laminar, such a positive feedback loopre-enforces eddies resulting in said creation of high spin vortices 72.Vortices 72 have inherent pressure distribution, wherein inner pressureis lower and outer pressure is higher. An air portion, which isentrapped by one of high spin vortices 72, is accelerated anddecompressed by the vortex. Adiabatically reduced pressure of the airportion is accompanied by decreased air portion temperature according togas laws. The air cooling stimulates the desired condensation of thewater-vapors into water-aerosols.

There is an additional trigger for water condensation. Quickly revolvingair is inherently accompanied by friction between the moving airmolecules, causes ionization of the moist air molecules. The ionizedmolecules become the centers for condensation of water polar moleculesinto aerosols. The aerosols collect on the surfaces of curved profiledwing-like details 71, thereby forming drops of dew. The drops of dewtrickle into a water collector, which is similar to reference block 62of FIG. 6, but not shown here. Also vortices 72 lose air portions. Theadvancing air portions constitute the dried air flux 74 leaving watercondensation engine 70. Thus, in contrast to passive catcher 40 of FIG.4 having naturally condensed dew, the details of water condensationengine 70 trigger the water condensation. The work for the triggering isperformed at the expense of the incoming wind's power. An arrangementand shapes of curved profiled wing-like details 71 may be optimized formore efficient water condensation.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a trivial profiled horn-tubeconverging nozzle 80, which is positioned along the incoming wind on itsway to a water condensation engine 81, constructed according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. Water condensation engine81 is not detailed here. In particular, it may be similar to eitherwater condensation engine 75 of FIG. 7 a or water condensation engine 77of FIG. 7 b or water condensation engine 70 of FIG. 7 c described above.

Profiled horn-tube 80 preferably has a profile contour 88 similar to acosine-function curve and substantially different diameters 82 and 83 ofopen butt-ends: inlet 820 and outlet 830. A flux of humid wind 84 entersprofiled horn-tube nozzle 80 at inlet 820 having bigger diameter 82 andcomes out through narrow throat outlet 830 having a smaller diameter 83.Cosine-like contour 88 and sufficient length 89 between but-ends 820 and830 provide the conditions for laminar flow of the flux.

Smaller diameter 83 is large enough to justify neglecting any airviscosity phenomenon, while considering Bernoulli's principle. Accordingto the continuity equation, the point 85 of the flux crossing throatoutlet 830 of smaller diameter 83 experiences higher velocity than thevelocity at the flux point 86 near inlet 820 having bigger diameter 82.Thus, assuming incompressible gas, the flux velocity isinversely-proportional to the cross-sectional area. For example, ifinlet 820 diameter 82 throat outlet 830 is 3 times bigger than throatoutlet 830 diameter 83, the velocity of output flux at point 85 is 3²=9times higher than the velocity of the incoming air flux at the point 86.Thus, trivial profiled horn-tube nozzle 80 provides the high speedoutput air stream 87 desired for input into water condensation engine81.

Horn-tube nozzle 80 itself may play the role of a water condenser.According to Bernoulli's principle, static pressure P of a convectivelyaccelerated portion of air is reduced. According to theKlapeiron-Mendeleev law concerning a hypothetical ideal gas state, andparticularly for the case of slow-flowing wind approximated as anincompressible gas, i.e. for an isochoric process, according toGay-Lussac's law,

${\frac{P}{T} = {Const}},$where P is the static pressure and T is the absolute temperature of thegas portion. This means that in an approximation of ideal gas laws,reduced static pressure P is accompanied by a proportional decrease ofthe associated air portion's absolute temperature T. The decreasedtemperature T may trigger the desired water condensation. The exothermalwater condensation is a not-equilibrium process, and the condensed waterand surroundings are warmed. So while the considered air portion remainshumid, the temperature of the convectively accelerated air portion is tobe not lower than the dew-point temperature, wherein the dew-pointtemperature itself becomes lower as the air humidity is reduced.

In view of the description referring to FIG. 8, it will be evident to aperson skilled in the art, that cooled output air stream 87 may beutilized for blowing around and cooling other objects that are locatedoutside of the profiled horn-tube nozzle 80. However, it is not alwayspractical to apply horn-tube nozzle 80, having a large area inlet 820,for incoming wind convective acceleration. It is neither easy noreconomical to build a wide horn-tube nozzle 80, for example, havinginlet 820 diameter 82 of 30 m and throat outlet 830 diameter 83 of 1 m,that would be sufficiently durable for the case of a strong gust ofwind.

FIG. 8 a is a schematic drawing, showing a modified profiled horn-tube801, similar to the mentioned converging nozzle 80, described referringto FIG. 8, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. Modified profiled horn-tube 801 is now supplied by aduct 832, which redirects the inner air stream 871 following throughnarrow throat 830 to an outlet 831 having a diameter equal to diameter83 of narrow throat 830, and oriented perpendicular to the outer windstream 887 direction. Thus, convectively accelerated air stream 871 isredirected to a perpendicular direction and exits as the air stream 872crossing outer wind stream 887. Outer wind stream 887 sucks exiting airstream 872 according to the Coanda-effect, and this serves to furtherincrease the speed of air stream 871 inside the horn-tube 801. Therebythe redirected out-coming air stream 872 is faster than the output airstream 87, described referring to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 b is a schematic illustration of another modified horn-tube 805,constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. Modified horn-tube 805 is similar to converging nozzle 80,again having the inner walls cosine-like shape 88, described referringto FIG. 8, but now supplied by an outer non-symmetrical wing-like cover885, redirecting the outer air stream 888 flowing around wing-like cover885 past narrow throat outlet 830. Redirected outer air stream 888 sucksthe exiting air stream 876 according to the Coanda-effect. Thus, airstream 876 is accelerated by the two mechanisms: convectively by innerwalls converging cosine-like shape 88; and by the Coanda-effect sucking,so that exiting air stream 876 is faster than exiting air stream atpoint 87, described above with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 c is a schematic representation of a yet further modifiedprofiled horn-tube 802, causing a converging as well as revolving wind,according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Incontrast to converging nozzle 80, described above with reference to FIG.8, yet further modified profiled horn-tube 802 is provided withstationary blades 821 fixed on a streamlined blade-grip 825, such thatstationary blades 821 decline the inner wind stream on an angle 823 fromthe original direction of incoming wind 84. The declined wind stream isimparted with a rotational moment by the coiled walls of horn-tube 802,and so propagates helically. The helical motion is shown schematicallyby a helical curve 861.

This revolving technique may be cascaded by stationary blades 822,following after stationary blades 821, and having a declining angle 824bigger than preceding angle 823. Thus, by cascading such stationaryblades, it becomes possible to create an air stream having a spiralmotion of relatively short steps between the trajectory coils. Thespiral trajectory, which accomplishes laminar spiral convectivelyflowing motion of air portions, allows for a reduced length 890 ofconverging segment 88 of modified profiled horn-tube 802 compared tolength 89 described above with reference to FIG. 8. Again, inlet 820 hasdiameter 82. If converging segment 88 of modified profiled horn-tube 802is the same as converging nozzle 80 described above with reference toFIG. 8, then, assuming an incompressible gas, the spiral motion of airin the converging segment of modified profiled horn-tube 802 has thesame velocity of forward air movement as the velocity of air flowingforward through the converging nozzle 80 described above with referenceto FIG. 8, according to the continuity equation.

The added spin motion provides for two accelerations: a centripetalacceleration for changing the velocity direction and a convectiveacceleration for increasing an absolute value of the velocity withmaintaining the same convective forward motion. The resulting air stream873, exiting from modified profiled horn-tube 802 throat 830 andentering water condensation engine 81, has both components ofconvectively accelerated motion: forward and spinning. This combinedconvective acceleration is at the expense of potential energy of theconvectively moving air portion, and so it is accompanied by air portionstatic pressure reduction, according to Bernoulli's principle anddecreasing temperature according to Gay-Lussac's law. Moreover, thespinning motion is accompanied inherently by adiabatic radialredistribution of static pressure, wherein local static pressure nearthe rotation axis is lower. Thus, air portions which are near therotation axis are also cooled adiabatically. The decreased temperaturetriggers water condensation.

In view of the description referring to FIG. 8 c, it will be evident toa person skilled in the art, that many kinds of constructive solutionsmight be applied alternatively to guide blades 821 and 822 andstreamlined blade-grip 825 to achieve the desired spinning feature.

In view of the description referring to FIG. 8 c, it will be evident toa person skilled in the art, that cooled blade-grip 825, furthersupplied by a heat conductor (not shown here), may be applied forcooling other objects that are located outside of the profiled horn-tube802.

FIG. 8 d is a schematic representation of a modified profiled horn-tube806, having revolving portions of wind flowing outside and convergingportions of wind flowing within, according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. In contrast to the trivial profiled horn-tubeconverging nozzle 80 described above with reference to FIG. 8, modifiedprofiled horn-tube 806 is provided with stationary wing-like blades 882,which are arranged externally. Wing-like blades 882 redirect the outerportions of wind, whose forward motion is converged in alignment withcosine-like profile contour 88. Again, horn-tube 806 has length 89.

The resulting trajectories of the wind portions emanating from oncomingwind 84, and flowing outside horn-tube 806, are helical curves 862,having forward, revolving and converging components of motion. Therevolving component of the outer wind portions behind throat outlet 830is shown schematically by the circulating arrows 866. Revolving air 866has lower static pressure in the center of the rotation. This reducedstatic pressure behind throat outlet 830 sucks-out convectivelyaccelerated inner portions of air, thereby accelerating the exitingstream 874. As a result, exiting stream 874 is faster than exitingstream 87, which is described above with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 e is a schematic illustration of a newly modified profiledhorn-tube 803, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. Newly modified profiled horn-tube 803 does not have acompletely solid cosine-like contour 88, but instead incorporates scalyfragments comprising wing-like details 883, which provide for additionalportions 863 of flowing air to enter between wing-like details 883 intothe inner space of newly modified horn-tube 803.

The phenomenon can be considered to effectively provide a squaringincrease of oncoming flux front 84, such that the effective area ofoncoming flux front 84, being subject to convective acceleration, iswider than the area of the cross-section enclosed by wide inlet 820having bigger diameter 82. The portion of oncoming flux 84, increased byadditional portion 863, being under inner convective acceleration,further increases the speed of the output air stream 870, past diameter83 of narrow throat 830, according to the continuity equation. Thus,output air stream 870 is faster than output air stream 87, describedabove with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 f is a schematic illustration of a cascade 804 of coiled-up wings884, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Suchconstruction results in a rapidly exiting narrow air stream 875, byconverging a wide front of oncoming wind 84, wherein the effective areaof the oncoming front is wider than the area of the circularcross-section, which is enclosed by wide inlet 820 of cascade 804 ofcoiled-up wings 884.

FIG. 8 g is a schematic illustration of a cascade of sequentiallyarranged truncated cones 807 operating as a water condensation engine,constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. All of sequentially arranged truncated cones 807 have inlets827 having cross-sections of equal diameters 82, and each succeedingtruncated cone 807 has an outlet cross-section narrower than the outletcross-section of previous truncated cone 807, such that the lasttruncated cone's outlet 837 is of the smallest diameter 83. Suchconstruction results in a rapidly exiting narrow air stream 878 byconverging a wide front of oncoming wind 84, wherein an effective areaof the oncoming front is wider than the area of the cross-sectionenclosed by the first of inlets 827 of sequentially cascaded truncatedcones 807. Convectively accelerated and thereby cooled outgoing airstream 878 emits droplets of condensed water 899.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of cascaded profiled horn-tubes: 90having the inlet 930, 91 having the inlet 931 and 92 having the inlet932. This cascade, exposed to oncoming humid wind 95, operates as awater condensation engine, according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. The profiled horn-tube 90 has substantially differentdiameters 93 and 94 of open butt-ends at inlet 930 and throat outlet940, respectively. A flux of humid wind 95 enters profiled horn-tube 90from inlet 930, having bigger diameter 93, and comes out through throatoutlet 940, having smaller diameter 94.

For example, if narrow throat outlet 940 diameter 94 is smaller than theinlet 930 diameter 93 by 3 times, then according to the continuityequation, the output flux 96 velocity near throat outlet 940 is 3²=9times higher than the velocity of air flux 95 near inlet 930. Moreover,part of humid wind flux 95 flows around profiled horn-tube 90 formingouter flowing stream 97.

Furthermore, both fluxes, inner flux 96, exiting from narrow throatoutlet 940, and outer flux 97, entering cascaded profiled horn-tube 91.Profiled horn-tube 91 transforms both inner flux 96 and outer flux 97into the resulting flux 98, exiting the narrow throat outlet of profiledhorn-tube 91. The velocity of resulting flux 98 is almost double thevelocity of flux 96. Next cascaded profiled horn-tube 92 provides yetadded fresh outside portions 970 of wind 95 to the resulting re-enforcedflux 99, having a cross-sectional area equal to the area of the narrowthroat outlet of profiled horn-tube 92, and having a velocity that isalmost triple that of the velocity of flux 96.

Thus, cascading many profiled horn-tubes, it is possible to concentratea huge front of humid wind into the narrow resulting flux of extra-highvelocity. If the extra-high velocity air stream thereby created reachesthe speed of sound, a shock wave is launched. The shock wave launchingis at the expense of the internal energy of the air, resulting in“shock” decrease of the air temperature, thereby triggering the processof abundant vapor condensation into water-aerosols.

In view of the foregoing description referring to FIG. 9, it will beevident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications ofhorn-tubes may be cascaded. For example, a cascade of modifiedhorn-tubes 806 (FIG. 8 d) constitutes an aggregated converging system(not shown here) improved by revolving both inner and outer air streams.

FIG. 9 a is a schematic illustration of a cascade of scaly horn-tubes900, 901, and 902, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. In contrast to aforementioned in FIG. 9 profiledhorn-tubes 90, 91, and 92 having solid contours, horn-tubes 900, 901,and 902 have scaly contours, comprising cascaded wing-like details 904.Such a construction provides a wide converging front of oncoming wind905 into a narrow fast outgoing stream 909.

FIG. 9 b is a schematic illustration of an arrangement 910 of cascadedwing-like details 911 and cascaded mirror-reversed wing-like details912, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. In particular, an individual wing-like detail 921 is aconstituent of cascaded wing-like details 911 and an individualmirror-reversed wing-like detail 922 is a constituent of cascadedmirror-reversed wing-like details 912. So-called lifting forces, shownhere as the vectors 931 and 932, act from the flowing portions 941 and942 of the oncoming wind 950 on streamlined opposite wing-like details921 and 922 correspondingly. According to the Third Law of Newton, theopposite wing-like details 921 and 922 act to corresponding portions 941and 942 of the flowing wind in opposite directions.

Thus, the opposite exemplary wing-like details 921 and 922, and, ingeneral, 911 and 912, act on oncoming wind 950 converging air streamfront into a narrow and fast outgoing air stream 990. Such anaggregation of opposite wing-like details 911 and 912 operates as awater condensation engine by accelerating humid air streams, accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It will be evidentto a person skilled in the art, that opposite wing-like details 911 and912 may be implemented by the coiling-up of wings.

FIG. 9 c is a schematic illustration of the aforementioned watercondensation engine 81, arranged behind cascaded profiled horn-tubes 90,91 and 92, described hereinbefore, referring to FIG. 9, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this case thehigh-speed air flux 99 provides a highly efficiency water condensationengine 81. It is important that the size of each cascaded profiled-tubemay be commensurate with the size of water condensation engine 81 inorder for the construction to remain reasonably feasible.

In view of the foregoing description referring to FIG. 9 c, it will beevident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications ofengines, operating on natural wind power and destined for variouspurposes, may be applied instead of water condensation engine 81. Forexample, a so-called wind turbine destined for electricity generationmay be arranged behind the cascaded horn-tubes, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 d is a schematic top-view of a water condensation engine 950,comprising in-line, cascaded, converging bells 951, 952, and 953, anarrow throat 956 supplied by two closed cylindrical chambers 955, and adiverging bell 954. The in-line cascaded converging bells 951, 952, and953 concentrate and accelerate the oncoming wind, reaching the narrowthroat 956. The fast air stream flows around rounded blades 957 suckingair from and blowing air portions into chambers 955 in a positivefeedback loop, that results in fast rotating and permanently refreshingvortices, shown schematically by short arrows within chambers 955. Thevortices created have inherent pressure distribution, wherein innerpressure is lower and outer pressure is higher. Adiabatically reducedpressure of the air portion is accompanied by decreasing temperature.Air cooling near the centers of vortices stimulates the desiredcondensation of water vapors into aerosols. There are water catchers 958at the centers of the vortices rotation. Also, dew arises on thesurfaces of blades 957.

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of highly condensed water-aerosols107 and sublimated micro-flakes-of-snow 108, which are observed behindthe wings of high-speed aircraft 106. Aircraft 106 ejects a wateradsorbing dust 109. Water adsorbing dust 109 causes water-aerosols 107and sublimated micro-flakes-of-snow 108 to aggregate in rain-dropsand/or bigger flakes of snow, which fall down. This exemplaryextravagant technique for harvesting water from air may become usefulfor extinguishing a forest fire.

In contrast to the aforementioned method to supply much water using avery heavy airplane, relatively light high-speed aircraft 106 needssubstantially less fuel because the work performed by aircraft 106 ismainly for eddying air and producing vortices, but not for lifting heavywater reservoirs. Moreover, in this case high-speed aircraft 106 isdesigned for fast operation, which may be of the highest priority forthe exemplary case. Nonetheless, it is not comfortable to use high-speedaircraft 106 for extinguishing a forest fire.

In contrast to the use of high-speed aircraft 106, FIG. 11 is aschematic illustration of a slower airplane 110, having an attachedconstruction 111, which is similar to the apparatus described withreference to FIG. 9 c, and constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. Such an aggregation may be appliedfor effective extracting rain 112 from air in order to extinguish forestfires.

Referring again to FIG. 9 c, at times topology may restrict thepreferable orientation of a long in-line cascade of as many as 200horn-tubes. For example, if only the sea shoreline is free for thein-line cascading of the horn-tubes and the direction of the sea-wind issubstantially perpendicular to the shoreline, the construction shown inFIG. 9 c, being exposed to the oncoming wind perpendicularly, will notoperate efficiently.

FIG. 12 is a schematic top-view of a constructive solution 120 for thein-line cascaded profiled horn-tubes 124 and water condensation engine81, which are similar to the construction described above with referenceto FIG. 9 c, but in FIG. 12 the orientation is perpendicular to thedirection of side-wind 121, according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. The stationary profiled wing-like blades 122 areadded to redirect side-wind 121 according to the Coanda-effect. The airflux 123 is redirected to substantially coincide with the direction ofin-line cascaded horn-tubes 124. Constructive solution 120 operatesefficiently for wind directions either along or perpendicular to in-linecascaded profiled horn-tubes 124.

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary system for solarthermal energy collection, where focusing plates 130 are supplied with acleaning sub-system 133, constructed according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. Focusing plates 130 are constructedas long parabolic mirrors, which are exposed to the sun 131. Thesunlight is reflected by the focusing plates 130 and concentrated onDewar tubes 132, arranged along the focal axes of the parabolic mirrorscomprising focusing plates 130. A heat transfer fluid, preferably oil,runs through Dewar tubes 132 to absorb the concentrated sunlight.Normally, focusing plates 130 occupy a very large area.

Cleaning sub-system 133, in principle, is similar to the constructiondescribed with reference to FIG. 9 c. Cleaning sub-system 133 comprisesa very long cascade of horn-tubes 134. For example, there may be 200horn-tubes 134 (here only 3 horn-tubes 134 are shown), arranged nearfocusing plates 130. A very long cascade of horn-tubes 134 sucks a widefront of oncoming wind 135 as described above with reference to FIGS. 9and 9 c.

Cleaning sub-system 133 comprises a water condensation engine 81, whichis now supplied with a hose 136 having a douche 137 on the outputbutt-end. A very long cascade of horn-tubes 134 results in a convergednarrow flux 138 of air at extra-high velocity, providing that watercondensation engine 81 operates efficiently. The distilled water,condensed from the air, is transmitted to the focusing plates 130through hose 136 due to the air flux, which emanates from watercondensation engine 81. The running distilled water 139 cleans thesurfaces of focusing plates 130 from natural dust.

FIG. 14 a is a schematic illustration of helicopter 143 supplied withattached convergent-divergent nozzle 144 having a form of a bighorn-tube with a wide upper inlet, narrow throat, and widened loweroutlet, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. Such an aggregation concentrates air stream 145 originallysucked by helicopter 143's propeller 155. The convergent-divergentnozzle 144 causes also sucking of air portions, which flow outside ofnozzle 144 according to the Coanda-effect, thereby increasing mass ofair 158, which is blown under helicopter 143. The concentrated downwardair stream 146 out-flowing from the convergent-divergent nozzle 144'soutlet has higher speed, reduced static pressure, and decreasedtemperature, relatively to originally sucked air stream 145. This isaccording to well-known investigations of compressible-expandable gasconvective motion, described hereinbefore in view of rocket nozzle 100with reference to prior art FIG. 1 b. The cooled air stream 146 maytrigger off condensation of water-vapor into rain-drops 147. Such anaggregation may be applied for effective extracting rain-drops 147 fromair, for example, in order to extinguish forest fires.

FIG. 14 b is a schematic illustration of helicopter 143 having attachedconvergent-divergent nozzle 144 further supplied with stationarywing-like blades 148 redirecting air stream 145's portions 149, whichare sucked by helicopter 143's propeller 155 and flowing outside ofconvergent-divergent nozzle 144. The redirected air portions 149 get arotation motion, according to the Coanda-effect. The rotation motion isshown here schematically by circulating arrows 153. The convectivelyaccelerated downward air stream 146 is sucked-out by the rotating airportions 149 and, therefore, gets addition acceleration. A mini-tornado,formed thereby, triggers off condensation of water-vapor into rain-drops147. it will be evident to a person skilled in the art, that air streamportions, which flow inside of convergent-divergent nozzle 144, can bealso forced to be rotated by arranging inner blades (not shown here)that may improve the mini-tornado useful properties.

FIG. 15 a is a schematic illustration of helicopter 143 supplied with anattached cascade of relatively small converging and diverging nozzles154, constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. In contrast to bulky and unwieldy convergent-divergent nozzle144 described with reference to FIG. 14 a, the substantially compactcascade of converging and diverging nozzles 154 may provide a strongerair stream concentration-effect and, thereby, more efficientcondensation of water-vapors into rain-drops 147.

Negative and positive lift-effects can be defined for an aggregation,comprising helicopter 143 supplied by an attached air stream convergingsystem such as 144 (FIG. 14 a) or 154 (FIG. 15 a). So, the negativelift-effect is defined by added mass, drag, and skin-friction area, andthe positive lift-effect is defined by an air stream convectiveacceleration and by an increased mass of air 158, which is blown underhelicopter 143.

The negative lift-effect of the attached cascade of small converging anddiverging nozzles 154 is weaker than the negative lift-effect of theattached convergent-divergent nozzle 144 (FIG. 14 a) because ofrelatively reduced mass, drag, and skin-friction resistance. At the sametime, the positive lift-effect of the attached cascade of smallconverging and diverging nozzles 154 may be stronger than the positivelift-effect of the attached convergent-divergent nozzle 144 (FIG. 14 a)as a wider front of the downward air stream may be converged by nozzles154. The positive lift-effect of converging system either 144 (FIG. 14a) or 154 (FIG. 15 a), which is defined by an air stream convectiveacceleration, may be explained from a mechanics point of view as well asfrom the Energy Conservation Law point of view. From the mechanics pointof view, in this case the downward air stream is convectivelyaccelerated according to the equation of continuity, and thereforeenforces the lift-effect according to the Newton's Third Law. And fromthe Energy Conservation Law point of view, a certain amount of a cooledair portion's internal potential energy is transformed into theadditional kinetic energy of the downward air stream according toBernoulli's principle and the gas state laws. The additional kineticenergy of the downward air stream defines the positive lift-effect.

FIG. 15 b is a schematic illustration of helicopter 143 supplied with anattached cascade of converging and diverging nozzles 156 furthermodified to provide a degree of freedom to be tilted variably,constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. Such a degree of freedom provides an improved mobility ofhelicopter 143 due to diverting downward air streams 157 and 158 fromthe vertical direction.

DRAWINGS

It should be understood that the hereinafter sketched exemplaryembodiments are merely for purposes of illustrating the teachings of thepresent invention and should in no way be used to unnecessarily narrowthe interpretation of or be construed as being exclusively definitive ofthe scope of the claims which follow. It is anticipated that one ofskill in the art will make many alterations, re-combinations andmodifications to the embodiments taught herein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the claims.

1. An ecologically clean water condensation engine, comprising a set ofstationary profiled details being exposed to humid wind bringingwater-vapors; wherein said details are oriented to act on said humidwind, thereby providing convective acceleration of arriving airportions, accompanied by a decrease in static pressure according toBernoulli principle and causing said arriving air portions eddying andvortices having an inherent inner gas static pressure decrease; whereinsaid decrease in static pressure is bonded with a temperature decreaseaccording to the gas state laws; such that said temperature decreasetriggers off condensation of said water-vapors into water-aerosols anddrops of dew, and said drops of dew collect upon surfaces of saidprofiled details, herein said stationary profiled details have at leastone of wing-like and wedge-like profiles.
 2. The ecologically cleanwater condensation engine of claim 1, wherein said engine furthersupplied by at least one wing-like blade, curved in order to redirectand stabilize the natural wind gusts from an incoming direction intoalignment with said stationary profiled details orientation.
 3. Theecologically clean water condensation engine of claim 1, wherein atleast one said profiled detail comprises at least one stationaryblade-grip with attached at least one stationary blade, such that saidat least one stationary blade forces portions of flowing said humid windto get a rotation and to proceed on a helical trajectory.
 4. Anecologically clean water condensation engine exposed to humid windbringing water-vapors, said water condensation engine comprises aprofiled horn-tube and set of profiled details; wherein said profiledhorn-tube has two open butt-ends, differing in cross-section area atleast on 1 percent, wherein said profiled horn-tube is oriented suchthat said humid wind enters the bigger butt-end of said profiledhorn-tube and proceeds to the smaller butt-end, and wherein thenarrowing cross-section of said profiled horn-tube forces said humidwind to be reduced in cross-section area and to increase in velocity,said increase being inversely proportional to said reduced cross-sectionarea according to the continuity equation, and, according to Bernoulli'sprinciple, there occurs a reduction in gas static pressure of theaccelerated humid wind and an accelerated out-flow, wherein saidreduction in static pressure is bonded with a temperature decreaseaccording to the gas state laws; and further, said out-flow represents acooled fast flux coming-and-hitting upon said set of profiled details,and wherein said cooled fast flux runs along said profiled details,wherein said profiled details act on said cooled fast flux, therebycausing convective acceleration, eddying and vortices of air portions,wherein said convectively accelerated air portions, eddying and vorticeshave an inherent inner static pressure decrease, wherein said decreasein static pressure is bonded with a further temperature decreaseaccording to the gas state laws; such that said temperature decreasetriggers off condensation of said water-vapors into water-aerosols anddrops of dew and said drops of dew collect upon surfaces of saidprofiled details.
 5. The ecologically clean water condensation engine ofclaim 4, wherein said profiled details have at least one of wing-likeand wedge-like profiles.
 6. The ecologically clean water condensationengine of claim 4, wherein at least one said profiled detail is arrangedwithin said horn-tube.
 7. The ecologically clean water condensationengine of claim 4, wherein said profiled horn-tube further comprises atleast one stationary wing-like blade, such that said at least onestationary wing-like blade forces portions of flowing said humid wind toget a rotation and to proceed on a helical trajectory.
 8. Theecologically clean water condensation engine of claim 4, wherein saidprofiled horn-tube further comprises at least one scaly fragmentcomprising wing-like scale-details, said wing-like scale-details providethat additional portions of said humid wind enter between adjacentelements of said wing-like scale-details into the inner space of saidhorn-tube.
 9. An ecologically clean wind concentration engine exposed tohumid wind bringing water-vapors, said wind concentration enginecomprises a cascade of at least two sequentially arranged profiledhorn-tubes; wherein each of said profiled horn-tubes has two openbutt-ends differing in the cross-section area at least on 0.5 per cent;wherein each of said at least two sequentially arranged profiledhorn-tubes is oriented such that the direction from said biggercross-section butt-end to said smaller cross-section butt-end issubstantially the same as the direction of said humid wind; wherein saidhumid wind comprises the first air stream flowing around the first ofsaid at least two profiled horn-tubes, wherein each previous saidprofiled horn-tube transforms the previous oncoming air stream into thenext said oncoming air stream flowing around the next of said at leasttwo sequentially arranged profiled horn-tubes; wherein an inner portionis defined for each said profiled horn-tube as a portion of saidoncoming air stream, and said inner portion enters said biggercross-section butt-end of said associated profiled horn-tube; and anouter portion is defined for each said profiled horn-tube as a portionof said oncoming air stream, and said outer portion flows around theouter side of said associated profiled horn-tube; wherein said innerportion proceeds to said smaller cross-section butt-end within saidprofiled horn-tube, such that the narrowing cross-section of saidprofiled horn-tube forces said inner portion to reduce said streamcross-section area and, according to the continuity equation, toincrease the velocity of said stream, said increase being inverselyproportional to said reduced area of said stream cross-section, therebyforming an inner faster out-flowing stream; wherein said outer portionproceeds to said smaller cross-section butt-end of said profiledhorn-tube in alignment with the outside profile of said profiledhorn-tube, whereby forming an outer out-flowing portion of said humidwind stream, and according to the Coanda suction effect drawing forwardfresh outer-adjacent air portions of said humid wind, thereby forming anaddition fresh out-flowing stream; such that the tree streams: saidinner fast out-flowing stream, said outer out-flowing stream, and saidfresh out-flowing stream—together form the next said oncoming airstream, and wherein the two said streams: said inner fast out-flow andsaid outer out-flow form the next inner portion of said next oncomingair stream, wherein said next inner portion is effectively faster thanthe previous said inner portion, and said fresh out-flow forms the nextsaid outer portion of said next oncoming air stream; wherein said innerportion of the last said oncoming air stream, out-flowing from the lastof said at least two sequentially arranged profiled horn-tubes,comprises a fast out-flowing air flux; such that said first oncoming airstream of said humid wind is transformed into said fast out-flowing airflux according to the continuity equation, wherein the static pressureof said fast out-flowing air flux is reduced relatively to the staticpressure of said first oncoming air stream according to Bernoulli'sprinciple and the temperature of said fast out-flowing air flux isdecreased relatively to the temperature of said first oncoming airstream as said reduction in the static pressure is bonded with saiddecrease of the temperature according to the gas state laws; therebysaid humid wind flows around said cascade of at least two sequentiallyarranged profiled horn-tubes and is transformed into said cooled fastout-flowing air flux; wherein the decreased temperature of said cooledfast out-flowing air flux triggers off condensation of said water-vaporsinto water-aerosols and drops of dew; such that said drops of dewcollect on the inner surfaces of said wind concentration engine.
 10. Theecologically clean wind concentration engine of claim 9, wherein atleast one of said profiled horn-tubes further has at least one scalyfragment comprising wing-like scale-details, said wing-likescale-details provide that additional portions of flowing said humidwind enter between said wing-like scale-details into the inner space ofsaid at least one of said profiled horn-tubes.
 11. The ecologicallyclean wind concentration engine of claim 9, wherein at least one saidprofiled horn-tube further comprises at least one stationary wing-likeblade, such that said at least one stationary wing-like blade forcesportions of flowing said humid wind to get a rotation and to proceed ona helical trajectory.
 12. The ecologically clean wind concentrationengine of claim 9, wherein said wind concentration engine is attached toan aircraft, wherein said wind is defined as an air stream blowing andflowing around said aircraft.
 13. The ecologically clean windconcentration engine of claim 9, further comprising at least oneprofiled horn-tube having a divergent fragment.
 14. The ecologicallyclean wind concentration engine according to claim 9, wherein said fastout-flowing air flux having said decreased temperature is utilized forblowing around and cooling objects occupying place outside of said windconcentration engine.
 15. The ecologically clean water condensationengine exposed to humid wind bringing water-vapors; said watercondensation engine comprises the wind concentration engine of claim 9and a set of profiled details; wherein said humid wind comprises anoncoming air stream flowing around said wind concentration engine,wherein said oncoming air stream has a cross-section area bigger thanthe cross-section area of said wind concentration engine; wherein saidbigger cross-section area is bigger than said cross-section area of saidwind concentration engine at least on 1 percent; wherein said windconcentration engine sucks said oncoming air stream according toCoanda-effect, thereby forming a fast out-flowing air flux according tothe continuity equation, wherein static pressure of said fastout-flowing air flux is reduced relatively to static pressure of saidoncoming air stream according to Bernoulli's principle and thetemperature of said fast out-flowing air flux is decreased relatively tothe temperature of said oncoming air stream according to the gas statelaws, wherein said temperature decrease triggers off condensation ofsaid water-vapors into water-aerosols, wherein said cooled fastout-flowing air flux comes-and-hits upon said set of profiled details;wherein said set of profiled details acts on said cooled fastout-flowing air flux causing convective acceleration of air portions andair portions eddying and vortices, wherein said accelerated air portionsand air portions eddying and vortices have an inherent inner gas staticpressure decrease; wherein said decrease in static pressure is bondedwith a further temperature decrease according to the gas state laws;said temperature decrease triggers off condensation of said water-vaporsinto water-aerosols and drops of dew, and such that said drops of dewcollect upon surfaces of said profiled details.
 16. An ecologicallyclean water condensation engine exposed to humid wind bringingwater-vapors, said water condensation engine comprising: a cascade of atleast two sequentially arranged profiled horn-tubes; and a set ofprofiled details; wherein each of said profiled horn-tubes has two openbutt-ends differing in the cross-section area at least on 0.5 per cent;wherein each of said at least two sequentially arranged profiledhorn-tubes is oriented such that the direction from said biggercross-section butt-end to said smaller cross-section butt-end issubstantially the same as the direction of said humid wind; wherein saidhumid wind comprises the first air stream flowing around the first ofsaid at least two profiled horn-tubes, wherein each previous saidprofiled horn-tube transforms the previous oncoming air stream into thenext said oncoming air stream flowing around the next of said at leasttwo sequentially arranged profiled horn-tubes; wherein an inner portionis defined for each said profiled horn-tube as a portion of saidoncoming air stream, and said inner portion enters said biggercross-section butt-end of said associated profiled horn-tube; and anouter portion is defined for each said profiled horn-tube as a portionof said oncoming air stream, and said outer portion flows around theouter side of said associated profiled horn-tube; wherein said innerportion proceeds to said smaller cross-section butt-end within saidprofiled horn-tube, such that the narrowing cross-section of saidprofiled horn-tube forces said inner portion to reduce said streamcross-section area and, according to the continuity equation, toincrease the velocity of said stream, said increase being inverselyproportional to said reduced area of said stream cross-section, therebyforming an inner faster out-flowing stream; wherein said outer portionproceeds to said smaller cross-section butt-end of said profiledhorn-tube in alignment with the outside profile of said profiledhorn-tube, whereby forming an outer out-flowing portion of said humidwind stream, and according to the Coanda suction effect drawing forwardfresh outer-adjacent air portions of said humid wind, thereby forming anaddition fresh out-flowing stream; such that the tree streams: saidinner fast out-flowing stream, said outer out-flowing stream, and saidfresh out-flowing stream—together form the next said oncoming airstream, and wherein the two said streams: said inner fast out-flow andsaid outer out-flow form the next inner portion of said next oncomingair stream, wherein said next inner portion is effectively faster thanthe previous said inner portion, and said fresh out-flow forms the nextsaid outer portion of said next oncoming air stream; wherein said innerportion of the last said oncoming air stream, out-flowing from the lastof said at least two sequentially arranged profiled horn-tubes,comprises a fast out-flowing air flux; thereby said first oncoming airstream of said humid wind is transformed into said fast out-flowing airflux according to the continuity equation, wherein the static pressureof said fast out-flowing air flux is reduced relatively to the staticpressure of said first oncoming air stream according to Bernoulli'sprinciple and the temperature of said fast out-flowing air flux isdecreased relatively to the temperature of said first oncoming airstream as said reduction in the static pressure is bonded with saiddecrease of the temperature according to the gas state laws; therebysaid humid wind flows around said cascade of at least two sequentiallyarranged profiled horn-tubes and is transformed into said cooled fastout-flowing air flux; and such that said cooled fast out-flowing airflux comes-and-hits upon said set of profiled details; wherein said setof profiled details acts on said cooled fast out-flowing air fluxcausing convective acceleration of air portions and air portions eddyingand vortices, wherein said accelerated air portions and air portionseddying and vortices have an inherent inner gas static pressuredecrease; wherein said decrease in static pressure is bonded with afurther temperature decrease according to the gas state laws; saidtemperature decrease triggers off condensation of said water-vapors intowater-aerosols, and such that drops of dew, and such that said drops ofdew collect upon surfaces of said profiled details.
 17. The ecologicallyclean water condensation engine of claim 16, wherein said profileddetails have at least one of wing-like and wedge-like profiles.
 18. Theecologically clean water condensation engine of claim 16, wherein atleast one said profiled detail has a round-like profile creating airvortices.
 19. The ecologically clean water condensation engine of claim16, wherein at least one of said profiled horn-tubes further comprisesat least one stationary wing-like blade, such that said at least onestationary wing-like blade forces portions of flowing said humid wind toget a rotation and to proceed on a helical trajectory.
 20. Theecologically clean water condensation engine of claim 16, wherein atleast one of said profiled horn-tubes has at least one scaly fragmentcomprising wing-like scale-details, such that said scale-details provideadditional portions of said humid wind entering between said wing-likescale-details into the inner space of said at least one of said profiledhorn-tubes.
 21. The ecologically clean water condensation engine ofclaim 16, wherein said water condensation engine is attached to anaircraft, wherein said wind is defined as an air stream blowing andflowing around said aircraft.
 22. The ecologically clean watercondensation engine of claim 16, further comprising at least oneprofiled horn-tube having a divergent fragment.
 23. An air streamconcentration engine attached to an helicopter and exposed to downwardair stream blown by a propeller of said helicopter, wherein said streamconcentration engine comprises at least one profiled horn-tube, whereinsaid profiled horn-tube, having two open butt-ends: inlet and outlet,and having a form of a converging nozzle with varying cross-sectionarea; wherein a throat of said profiled horn-tube is defined as afragment of said horn-tube having the minimal cross-section area;wherein said throat minimal cross-section area differs from thecross-section area of said inlet at least on 5 percent, and wherein saidat least one profiled horn-tube is oriented such that said oncomingdownward air stream enters said inlet and proceeds to said outlet withinsaid profiled horn-tube, wherein said converging cross-section of saidprofiled horn-tube forces said downward air to reduce in said streamcross-section area, to increase in said stream velocity in inverseproportion to said reduced stream cross-section area according to thecontinuity equation, and to decrease in gas static pressure of saidaccelerated downward air according to Bernoulli's principle, whereinsaid decrease in gas static pressure is bonded with a temperaturedecrease according to the gas state laws; said temperature decreasetriggers off condensation of said water-vapors into water-aerosols andrain-drops.
 24. The air stream concentration engine of claim 23, furthercomprising at least one profiled horn-tube having a divergent fragment.25. The air stream concentration engine of claim 23, wherein said atleast one profiled horn-tube further supplied by stationary wing-likeblades redirecting said air stream resulting in rotation of saiddownward air stream, thereby forcing said air stream to proceed on ahelical trajectory.
 26. The air stream concentration engine of claim 23,wherein said at least one profiled horn-tube further has a degree offreedom to be tilted variably, whereby providing an improved mobility ofsaid helicopter due to diverting said downward air stream from thevertical direction.